..I am WAY too tired to do more than just skim that, so.. here is a list of good hip-hop that I find kinda sorta emotionally affecting.
Black Star- Black Star
Q-Tip- The Renaissance
Common- Electric Circus
edit: Actually reading your last paragraph, you say you want the "human condition", I think you need to check out the Black Star and Q-Tip for sure. You mentioned you've already heard Mos Def, so if you have already heard Black Star, then oh well sorry, but if you haven't, it's something you definitely need to check out. Listen to this song:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xBZ3Cs9bCM